Abstract In this study, we evaluated the quality of kefir with combined additions of oat milk (8, 12, and 16% w/v) and Lacticaseibacillus casei AP (2 and 4% v/v), and observed the products’ physicochemical characteristics (nutrient content, pH and acidity, viscosity and syneresis, ethanol concentration, and fatty acid profiles), microbiological characteristics (total lactic acid bacteria, total plate count, total probiotic, and total yeast), and sensory characteristics. The result showed that an increasing level of oat milk addition decreased water content and improved viscosity. A combination of 16% oat milk and 4% (v/v) L. casei AP increased the viscosity and water content, and resulted in the highest favorability and acceptability of kefir products. However, the increased concentration of L. casei AP inoculum and oat milk quantity did not affect microbiological qualities. It can be concluded that incorporating 16% oat milk and 4% L. casei AP improves the physical quality and sensory characteristics of kefir products.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of transportation distance on the physiological conditions and carcass traits of kampong chickens. Two hundred and twenty-five male kampong chickens were transported for distances of 30 km, 60 km, and 90 km, departing from three villages. Their physiological conditions were observed for up to 12 hours after having reached the final destination, and they were slaughtered after 45 minutes of lairage. The results showed that the transportation distance had a minor influence on the male kampong chickens' physiological conditions on arrival and on resulting carcass traits. Decreased oxygen consumption and metabolism rates were observable only eight hours after the rest period, without further effects on body temperature, tonic immobility, and blood triglyceride levels. There were no significant changes in live shrink, liveability, and carcass production from various transportation distances. However, a significant percentage increase in live shrink, accompanied by a significant decrease in visceral weight, was noted after transportation distances above 60 km. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of drumstick weight and a minor decrease in overall carcass quality, derived from bruising on the thighs. No significant changes were noted in graded carcass quality, meat water-holding capacity, pH, lactic acid, or water content. It was concluded that transportation distances up to 90 km were physiologically tolerable to kampong chickens, imposing minor negative impact on carcass traits.

Abstract: Breeding strategy of Acacia hybrid is being developed by Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Indonesia and has produced three superior clones in growth (Clone 16, 25, and 44). Understanding the extractives of the new clones might determine future development steps to improve its resistance to diseases especially heartrot. The objective of this study was to investigate the extractive content in three radial directions (SW = sapwood; OHW = outer heartwood; IHW = inner heartwood); total phenolic, flavonoid, flavanol contents (colorimetric assay); and antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay). Extractions were done with three different solvents in successive (n-hexane = H; methanol = M; hot water = W), yielded 0,69 % - 1,70 %; 1,51 % - 10,86 %; and 0,51 % - 1,16 % of extractive contents, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) from TPC-H, TPC-M, and TPC-W ranged between 3,68 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g - 10,41 mg GAE/g; 76,83 mg GAE/g - 448,35 mg GAE/g; and 43,28 mg GAE/g - 198,92 mg GAE/g, respectively; the total flavonoid content (TFC) from TFC-H, TFC-M, and TFC-W between 4,23 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g - 41,51 mg QE/g; 29,55 mg QE/g - 133,71 mg QE/g; and 7,70 mg QE/g - 29,37 mg QE/g, respectively; total flavanol content (TVC) from TVC-H, TVC-M, and TVC-W ranged between 28,74 mg of catechin equivalent (CE)/g - 66,90 mg CE/g; 83,39 mg CE/g - 247,18 mg CE/g; and 7,08 mg CE/g - 29,21 mg CE/g, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was found to be significantly affected by the radial factor with the strongest activity exhibited by inner heartwood extract with an IC50 value of 255,77 μg/ml (gallic acid IC50 showed a value of 39,00 μg/ml). Among clones, clone 16 was determined to have the highest extractive, total flavonoid as well as flavanol contents. Thus, clone 16 was hypothesized to be more resistance against heart rot disease.